In mainland Britain, you are never more than 17 miles from a public toilet.
This fact is calculated from data recorded in OpenStreetMap.
The point that achieves the furthest distance from a public toilet is here, with the nearest to it being this, this and this.
If you know of a public toilet that disproves the claim, you can edit OpenStreetMap (here's how) to make sure that item is listed on the map. (NB this website is refreshed occasionally from OpenStreetMap, but not instantly.)